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- EU/EEA licenses: valid indefinitely in Spain; exchange is optional.
- Non-EU/EEA licenses: valid for 6 months from when you establish residence (not from your entry date as a tourist). After that, you either exchange it — if your country has a reciprocal agreement with Spain — or sit the full Spanish theory and practical exam.
- Spain has bilateral exchange agreements with a specific list of countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Japan, South Korea, New Zealand, Morocco, Turkey, among others) — check the live list for your nationality on the DGT’s official exchange page, since it changes. Note the US has no federal-level agreement — individual states vary.
